Internet history:

The Internet is a large set of interconnected computer networks all over the world; in an integrated way, enabling connectivity regardless of the type of machine that is used, which, in order to maintain this multi-compatibility, uses a set of protocols and services in common, so that users connected to it can enjoy worldwide information services . Communication via the Internet can be of several types: Data Voice Video Multimedia. Due to increasingly "heavy" resources, higher transmission speeds become increasingly necessary. The "path" taken by a data packet, by way of example, does not always follow from the source directly to the destination, on the contrary, this is even very rare. More common, data travel through different paths, passing through n computers to the destination, always aiming for the shortest path; despite this, the process is very fast. With the appearance and more widespread use of Intranet's, integrating internal networks of large companies with the Internet, its use has been increasingly diversified. With the expansion of use, caused by the great Internet Boom in recent years - even largely a fad - all users have been suffering from information overload at peak usage times (known as "bottlenecks"); the only question remains about how long the Internet, as we know it today, will survive. - Internet II is already in the test phase for deployment. Internet history In the 1970s, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) was born, a group of protocols that has been the basis of the Internet from that time until today. The University of California at Berkley implemented TCP/IP protocols to the UNIX Operating System, enabling the integration of several universities to the ARPANET. At this time, in the early 1980s, computer networks from other research centers were integrated into the ARPA network. In 1985, the American entity National Science Foundation (NSF) interconnected the supercomputers of its research center, the NSFNET, which the following year joined the ARPANET. ARPANET and NSFNET became the two backbones of a new network that, together with the other computers connected to them, was the INTERNET. Two years later, in 1988, NSFNET started to be maintained with the support of the organizations IBM, MCI (telecommunications company) and MERIT (institution responsible for the computer network of educational institutions in Michigan), which formed an association known as Advanced Network and Services (ANS). In 1990, the ARPANET backbone was deactivated, creating the Defense Research Internet (DRI) backbone; in 1991/1992 ANSNET, which became the main backbone of the Internet; at the same time, the development of a European backbone (EBONE) began, connecting some European countries to the Internet. From 1993 onwards, the Internet ceased to be just an academic institution and began to be commercially exploited, both for the construction of new backbones by private companies (PSI, UUnet, Sprint,...) and for the provision of diverse services, this opening on a global level. How the Internet Works One of the most frequent questions about the Internet is: who controls its functioning? It is inconceivable to most people that no single group or organization controls this vast worldwide network. The truth is that there is no centralized management for the Internet. Rather, it is a gathering of thousands of individual networks and organizations, each of which is managed and supported by its own user. Each network collaborates with other networks to direct Internet traffic so that information can travel through them. Together, all these networks and organizations form the connected world of the Internet. For networks and computers to cooperate in this way, however, there needs to be general agreement on such things as Internet procedures and standards for protocols. These procedures and standards are found in RFCs (requests for comment) that users and organizations agree on. A number of groups guide the growth of the Internet by helping to set standards and guide people in the proper way to use the Internet. Perhaps most important is the Internet Society, a private not-for-profit group. The Internet Society supports the work of the Internet Activities Board (IAB), which controls many of the behind-the-scenes broadcasts and architecture of the Internet. The IAB's Internet Engineering Task Force is responsible for overseeing the involvement of the Internet's TCP/IP protocols. The IAB's Internet Research Task Force works on network technology. The IAB is also responsible for assigning network IP addresses through the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. In addition, he directs the Internet Registry, which controls the Domain Name System and handles the association of reference names to IP addresses World Wide Web Consortium (W3 Consortium, Consortium of Web World Wide Web) develops standards for the evolution of the fastest growing part of the Internet, the World Wide Web. An industry consortium, controlled by the Laboratory for Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, collaborates with organizations around the world, such as CERN, the originators of the Web. It serves as a repository of information about the Web for developers and users; implements Web standards and prototypes, and uses sample applications to demonstrate new technology. While these organizations are important as a kind of "glue" to hold the Internet together, at the heart of the Internet are individual local area networks. These networks can be found in private companies, universities, government agencies and commercial services. They are funded separately from each other through various forms such as user fees, member support, taxes and donations. Networks are connected in several ways. For efficiency purposes, local networks join together in consortia known as regional networks. A variety of leased lines connect regional and local networks. Networks are connected in several ways. For efficiency purposes, local networks join together in consortia known as regional networks. A variety of leased lines connect regional and local networks. The leased lines connecting networks can be as simple as a single telephone line or as complex as a fiber optic cable with microwave links and satellite transmissions. Backbones - extremely high capacity lines - carry large amounts of Internet traffic. These backbones are supported by government agencies and private corporations. Some backbones are maintained by the National Science Foundation. As the Internet is a free organization, no group controls or maintains it economically. On the contrary, many private organizations, universities and government agencies support or control part of it. All work together, in an organized, free and democratic alliance. Private organizations ranging from home networks to commercial services and private Internet providers that sell Internet access. The federal government supports some high-speed backbones that carry Internet traffic across the country and around the world, through agencies such as the National Science Foundation. The extremely fast vBNS (very high-speed Backbone Network Services), for example, provides a high-speed infrastructure for the research and education community uniting supercomputer centers and possibly also providing a backbone for commercial applications. Regional networks provide and maintain access within a geographic area. Regional networks may consist of small networks and organizations within the area that have come together to provide a better service. Network Information Centers, or NICs, help organizations use the Internet. The InterNIC, an organization supported by the National Science Foundation, assists NICs in their work. The Internet Registry records addresses and connections between addresses and referral names. Reference names are names given to networks connected to the Internet. The Internet Society is a private, not-for-profit organization that makes technology and architectural recommendations relevant to the Internet, such as how TCP/IP and other Internet protocols should work. This body guides the direction of the Internet and its growth. Internet service providers sell monthly Internet connections to people. They control their own segments of the Internet and can also provide long-distance connections called backbones. Telephone companies may also provide long-distance Internet connections.